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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mtnip</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Московский транспорт. Наука и проектирование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Moscow Transport. Science and Designn</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-5162</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ГБУ НИИ "МосТрансПроект"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mtnip-34</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONSTRUCTION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Свайные фундаменты с уширениями при землетрясениях в транспортном строительстве</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pile foundations with enlarged bases during earthquakes in transport construction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-4190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Купчикова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupchikova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Купчикова Наталья Викторовна, кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры «Строительные конструкции, здания и сооружения», главный научный сотрудник</p><p>101000, г. Москва, Потаповский переулок, д. 3, стр.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kupchikova Natalia Viktorovna, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Building Structures, Buildings and Facilities, Chief Research Scientist</p><p>3/1 Potapovsky Lane, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kupchikova79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет транспорта (РУТ МИИТ); ГБУ НИИ «МосТрансПроект»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Transport (RUT MIIT); SBI Research Institute «MosTransProject»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Купчикова Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Купчикова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kupchikova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mtnip.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/34">https://mtnip.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/34</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме обеспечения сейсмостойкости свайных фундаментов транспортных сооружений в условиях разжижения грунтов. Проанализированы характерные виды разрушений традиционных свай, зафиксированные при сильных землетрясениях, и выявлен ключевой недостаток действующих нормативных документов — недостаточный учет риска потери устойчивости длинных свай под комбинированным действием осевых и боковых нагрузок. В качестве эффективного решения предложено применение свай с концевыми или многоместными уширениями. На основе разработанной аналитической модели и численного моделирования в ПК MIDAS GTS NX проведен сравнительный анализ работы кустов обычных свай и свай с уширениями. Доказано, что уширения существенно повышают устойчивость свай, перераспределяя и снижая изгибающие моменты, смещая точку максимального момента в более удобную для армирования зону и уменьшая общую осадку. Сформулированы практические рекомендации по проектированию, включая требования к глубине заделки свай в неподвижный грунт и необходимости установления нормативных требований к минимальному диаметру свай в зависимости от глубины зоны разжижения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study addresses the critical issue of ensuring seismic resistance of pile foundations for transport structures under soil liquefaction conditions. The analysis examines characteristic failure modes of conventional piles documented during major earthquakes and identifies a key deficiency in current regulatory documents: inadequate consideration of buckling risk for long piles under combined axial and lateral loads. The paper proposes piles with end or multiple enlarged bases as an effective solution. Through analytical modeling and numerical simulation in MIDAS GTS NX software, a comparative analysis demonstrates that pile groups with enlarged bases significantly enhance stability by redistributing and reducing bending moments, shifting maximum moment locations to zones more favorable for reinforcement placement, and decreasing overall settlement. The study formulates practical design recommendations, including requirements for pile embedment depth into stable soil layers and the necessity of establishing regulatory requirements for minimum pile diameter based on liquefaction zone depth.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>свайные фундаменты</kwd><kwd>уширения свай</kwd><kwd>сейсмические воздействия</kwd><kwd>разжижение грунтов</kwd><kwd>транспортное строительство</kwd><kwd>потеря устойчивости</kwd><kwd>численное моделирование</kwd><kwd>пластический шарнир</kwd><kwd>несущая способность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Pile foundations</kwd><kwd>pile enlarged bases</kwd><kwd>seismic loading</kwd><kwd>soil liquefaction</kwd><kwd>transport construction</kwd><kwd>buckling</kwd><kwd>numerical modeling</kwd><kwd>plastic hinge</kwd><kwd>bearing capacity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Купчикова Н. 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