Dynamic Smart Glazing with Climate Control for Large-Span Domed Roofs of Transport Structures

The subject of the study is a translucent domed roof of a transport interchange hub with largespan glued laminated timber beams and triple-glazed units. The relevance of the study is driven by climate change in central Russia, where a consistent increase in mean annual temperature of 4 °C over 50 years, a 40% rise in the frequency of abnormal heat events, and a 20% increase in solid precipitation have been recorded. For passenger waiting areas, this leads to overheating, while in winter it results in condensation on the glazing and snow loads on the dome. The research methodology includes full-scale testing of a prototype dome fragment measuring 4.2×2.5 m in a climatic chamber at temperature differentials from +20 to –26 °C, numerical modelling in the Window 7.0 software package, construction of solar maps for latitude 58°N, and development of an integrated blind control algorithm. As a result, the reduced thermal resistance of the glazing unit was found to be 0.82 m²·°C/W, which is 46% above the regulatory requirement. Risk zones for condensation along the glazing perimeter were identified at an inner surface temperature of 10.8 °C and a dew point temperature of 21.4–26.1 °C. Local electric heating of the glazing unit perimeter is proposed. The control algorithm reduces the number of open–close cycles by a factor of 3.3, and the integrated solar protection, heating and de-icing system reduces annual energy consumption for climate control in waiting areas from 110 to 45 kWh/m², achieving energy efficiency class A++. A methodology for calculating condensation zones with a vertical temperature gradient of 0.5 °C/m for tall atriums in transport hubs has been developed

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