This article focuses on the development of design principles for Moscow’s tram hubs, aimed at creating a safe, accessible, and comfortable environment for passengers. The relevance of the study is driven by the central role that stop facilities play in shaping passengers’ perception of transport service quality, and by the need to modernise these facilities in line with the strategic objectives of urban mobility development. The study draws on a combination of methods, including regulatory and comparative analysis of domestic and foreign standards (Germany and the Czech Republic) and on-site infrastructure surveys, to identify a number of systemic issues: a fragmented regulatory framework, insufficient safety levels, and inadequate provision of modern passenger services. Survey data show that only 34% of hubs are adapted for people with reduced mobility, while electronic passenger information displays are present at no more than 13% of hubs. The study produces a set of principles and specific engineering recommendations. Key proposals include the mandatory installation of raised boarding platforms and solid protective barriers, the introduction of tactile navigation, the duplication of crossings, zoned standardized lighting, and the integration of digital services (Wi-Fi and USB charging ports). The article concludes that a unified design standard is needed, combining clear technical requirements with a flexible, outcome-oriented approach, which would enable stops to be transformed into multifunctional public hubs and increase the overall attractiveness of tram transport.

This article examines the applicability of hybrid simulation technology for testing traction electrical equipment sets (TEES) of current and prospective wheeled electric vehicles. A theoretical justification is presented for the feasibility of creating a software-controlled test complex capable of simulating, under bench test conditions, the operation of a TEES in real vehicle service environments — significantly extending the capabilities of TEES testing on specialised benches with electromechanical load devices. The article presents the original and linearised systems of differential equations describing the operation of the test and load electric machines functioning jointly within the complex, together with its structural diagram, transfer functions, and simulation results for the automatic speed control system of the electric machines.

This paper examines the unique technologies employed in the reconstruction project of the building complex of the P. L. Apakov Tram Depot in Moscow — one of the oldest urban electric transport facilities of historical and cultural significance. The study is motivated by the need to adapt the early 20th-century depot infrastructure to the modern operational requirements of tram rolling stock, including low-floor vehicles. The objective is to develop and substantiate a set of structural solutions ensuring the creation of a modern production and maintenance complex while preserving the historical appearance of the buildings and minimizing environmental impact. The research is based on the results of in-situ surveys of structures and foundations, geotechnical investigations, and the application of Building Information Modelling (BIM) technologies and computational software for stress-strain analysis of structures. A unique approach was developed and implemented, incorporating 4 key interventions: foundation reinforcement and partial replacement through grouting and shotcreting, with the historic rubble masonry preserved; a new spatial frame-braced skeletal system of monolithic reinforced concrete and modern steel sections, fully integrated with the retained brick walls; the CUUBER ventilated façade system for thermal insulation and cladding, recreating the depot’s historic architectural style; and complete replacement of the track-and-sleeper grid and all engineering systems. Project implementation increased depot capacity by 30% and more than doubled labour productivity. The results demonstrate the feasibility of adapting historic industrial buildings to contemporary technological requirements without loss of their architectural and cultural value.

This article addresses legal risk management at the design stage of high-rise buildings that form part of transport interchange hubs (TIHs) in Moscow. The relevance of the study stems from the increasing complexity of architectural and structural design solutions for such facilities and the tightening requirements for state expert review of project documentation. The aim of the work is to develop a model for forecasting and minimising legal risks arising during the approval of high-rise building projects within TIHs. The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of the regulatory framework, statistical processing of expert review conclusions, and simulation modelling of the interaction processes among participants in investment and construction projects. The study establishes a quantitative relationship between the complexity of a building’s structural system (frame, braced, core, and outrigger) and the intensity of expert queries, which enabled the construction of a probability matrix for predicting negative conclusions from the Moscow State Expert Review authority. A structural-functional model of legal support management is proposed, integrating design and legal activities. The scientific novelty lies in establishing the correlation between structural solution and legal risk, and in creating tools for incorporating this correlation at the early stages of design. The practical significance of the work consists in the possibility of reducing the timelines and costs of high-rise transport infrastructure projects through proactive risk management.

Transport infrastructure facilities, including station complexes, passenger platforms, overpasses, and metro station floor structures, are inherently exposed to emergency action risks arising from the loss of load-bearing capacity in individual elements due to causes such as vehicle impact, explosion, or fire. This article investigates the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete frame structures modelling elements of transport facilities under the hypothetical failure of an end column.

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a large-tonnage by-product of phosphate raw material processing in the manufacture of mineral fertilisers. This article examines two modifications of purified phosphogypsum binder with a predominant content of the α- and β-hemihydrate forms of calcium sulphate.
The accumulation of phosphogypsum in stockpiles poses a serious environmental threat. At the same time, transport construction, encompassing the building of roads, bridges, and tunnels, requires readily available and effective materials.
The objective of the work is to assess the potential of phosphogypsum as a binder for structural layers of road pavements, subbase courses, and low-criticality elements of transport structures by investigating the long-term kinetics of strength gain.
Experimental tests were conducted on 40×40×160 mm beam specimens made from β-PG, α-PG, α-PG with polypropylene fibres, and commercial gypsum (CG) as a reference material. Specimens were cured under standard conditions. Changes in average density, compressive strength, and flexural strength were measured at ages ranging from 2 hours to 90 days.
It was established that the most intensive evaporation of free water occurs within the first 7 days. The β-PG (a low-grade binder, G-2) exhibits a two-stage strength gain over 60 days, with a total compressive strength increase of 384% relative to the grade strength. The α-PG (binder G-10) also demonstrates a two-stage strength gain, but over 90 days, with a compressive strength increase of 99%. The addition of fibres does not increase grade strength but affects the kinetics of water evaporation. No strength reduction was observed during the monitoring period.

This article proposes a classification of vehicle connectivity levels oriented towards traffic management tasks. The classification comprises 6 levels (0–5) with sub-levels (a and b) and is based on a combination of two key dimensions: addressability and mode of participation in management. The proposed connectivity level gradation is equivalent to the stages of evolution of communication architectures in distributed computing systems — from broadcasting to full agent orchestration. This correspondence enables the transfer of results from the field of distributed systems (scalability, fault tolerance, consistency) to the design of traffic flow management system architectures. The methodological choice of a linear approach with faceted reinforcement is justified through a systematic comparison of four classification approaches across five quality criteria.

This article examines the implementation of the electronic waybill (EWB) at SUE «Mosgortrans», the largest operator of surface passenger transport in Moscow. Drawing on an analysis of the enterprise’s experience, academic publications, and open-source data, the article investigates the prerequisites, implementation stages, technical solutions, and outcomes of the digital transformation of document management as it relates to the EWB. Particular attention is given to the challenges encountered during implementation and the approaches adopted to address them. The authors summarise the quantitative and qualitative effects of the transition to the EWB, including resource savings, reductions in staff time expenditure, and improvements in the transparency of transport operations. The article contributes to the study of digitalisation practices in urban passenger transport and may be of value to transport sector professionals, researchers in the digital economy, and enterprise managers planning the introduction of electronic document management.

This article examines the systemic barriers to the development of engineering thinking in the context of the personnel shortage in Russia’s transport sector. Four persistent barriers to engineering workforce training emerged from a pilot qualitative study comprising 24 in-depth interviews with engineering program lecturers, practicing engineers, and industry representatives: the chronic lag of curricula behind technological development, the weak link between education and real-world production, the erosion of the mentorship institution, and a deficit of communication competencies. Based on the analysis of 1,176 coded citations, practical recommendations are proposed for transport universities and industry enterprises: a transition to problem-based learning as the standard for mass engineering training, the institutionalization of mentorship, the building of sustainable industry partnerships, and the development of new metrics for assessing graduate quality.